1955

2008/9 Schools Wikipedia Selection. Related subjects: Years

Centuries:	19th century - 20th century - 21st century
Decades:	1920s  1930s  1940s  - 1950s -   1960s   1970s   1980s
Years:	1952 1953 1954 - 1955 - 1956 1957 1958

Year 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar).

Events of 1955

January

• January 2 - José Antonio Remón Cantera, president of Panama, is assassinated at a racetrack in Panama City.
• January 7 - Marian Anderson is the first African American singer to perform at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City.
• January 18 - Battle of Yijiangshan started in China. Fighting lasted until January 20 with a Communist victory.
• January 22 - Pentagon announces plan to develop ICBMs ( intercontinental ballistic missiles) armed with nuclear weapons.
• January 23 - The Sutton Coldfield rail crash.
• January 25 - The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union announces end of the war between the USSR and Germany, which began during World War II in 1937. Until then, despite the end of World War II, the USSR was formally at war with Germany.
• January 28 - The United States Congress authorizes President Dwight D. Eisenhower to use force to protect Formosa from the People's Republic of China.

February

• February 10 - The seventh fleet of the United States Navy helped the Republic of China evacuate Chinese Nationalist army and residents from Tachen Islands to Taiwan.
• February 12 - US President Dwight D. Eisenhower sends the first U.S. advisors to South Vietnam.
• February 16 - Nearly 100 die in fire at a home for the elderly in Yokohama, Japan
• February 22 - In Chicago's Democratic primary, Mayor Martin H. Kennelly loses to the head of the Cook County Democratic Party, Richard J. Daley, 364,839 to 264,775

March

• March 5 - WBBJ signs on the air in the United States as WDXI.
• March 7 - The 1954 Broadway musical version of Peter Pan, starring Mary Martin, is presented on television for the first time by NBC - also the first time that a stage musical is presented in its entirety on TV exactly as performed on stage. The program gains the largest viewership of a TV special up to that time, and becomes one of the first great television classics.
• March 17 - The Richard Riot occurs in Montreal.
• March 19 - KXTV signs on the air in the United States
• March 20 - Blackboard Jungle opens in movie theaters featuring the song Rock Around the Clock by Bill Haley and his Comets, thus propelling Rock and Roll as a musical genre. Teenagers jump from their seats to dance to the song.

April

• April 1 - EOKA starts the armed struggle aiming to the incorporation of Cyprus to Greece.
• April 5 -
  • Winston Churchill resigns as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
  • Richard J. Daley defeats Robert Merrian to become mayor of Chicago by a vote of 708,222 to 581,555.
• April 6 - Anthony Eden becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• April 11 - The Taiwanese Kuomintang sabotaged the " Kashmir Princess", killing 16 but fails to assassinate People's Republic of China leader Zhou Enlai.
• April 12 - The Salk polio vaccine is introduced.
• April 15 - Ray Kroc opens a McDonald's fast food restaurant; it is the company's ninth since it was founded in 1940, but Kroc would later take over the company and oversee its worldwide expansion.
• April 16 - The Burma-Japanese peace treaty signed in Rangoon on November 5, 1954 comes into force, formally ending the state of war.
• April 17 - Imre Nagy, Premier of Hungary, is ousted for being too moderate.

May

• May 5 - West Germany becomes a sovereign state.
• May 9 - West Germany joins the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
• May 11 - Japanese ferry Shiun Maru sinks off of Takamatsu, Shikoku. 168 are killed.
• May 14 - Eight communist bloc countries, including the Soviet Union, sign a mutual defence treaty called the Warsaw Pact.

June

• June 7 - The $64,000 Question premieres on CBS television, with Hal Marks as the host.
• June 11 - Eighty-three are killed and at least 100 are injured after an Austin-Healey and a Mercedes-Benz collide in the 1955 Le Mans disaster.
• June 13 - Mir Mine, the first diamond mine of the USSR, is discovered.
• June 16 - Lady and the Tramp, Walt Disney's fifteenth animated feature film, debuts in U.S. movie theaters.

July

• July 13 - Ruth Ellis (b. 1926) is hanged for murder in London - the last woman ever to be executed in the United Kingdom.
• July 17 - Disneyland opens, in Anaheim, California.
• July 18
  • The first atomic-generated electrical power is sold commercially.
  • Illinois's Governor William Stratton signs Loyalty Oath Act that mandates all public employees take a loyalty oath or lose their jobs.
  • Beginning of Geneva Summit between US, USSR, UK, and France.
• July 19 - Estonian Television (ETV) begins broadcasting.
• July 23 - Geneva Summit between US, USSR, UK, and France ends.
• July 27 - El Al Airlines Flight 402 from Vienna to Tel Aviv-Yafo via Istanbul shot down over Bulgaria. All passengers and crew aboard the Lockheed Constellation were killed.
• July 28 - The first Interlingua congress in Tours, France, leads to the founding of the Union Mundial pro Interlingua.

August

• August 19 - Hurricane Diane hits the northeast United States, killing 200 and causing over $1 billion in damage.
• August 20 - Hundreds killed in anti-French rioting in Morocco and Algeria.
• August 22 - 11 schoolchildren were killed, when their school bus was hit by a freight train, in Spring City, Tennessee.
• August 25 - The last Soviet forces leave Austria.
• August 27 - The first copy of a Guinness World Records book was printed and sold.
• August 28 - Emmett Till is killed in Money, Mississippi

September

• September 6 - Istanbul Pogrom: Istanbul's Greek minority is the target of a government-sponsored pogrom.
• September 10 - Gunsmoke debuts on CBS.
• September 15 - Vladimir Nabokov's Lolita is published in Paris by Olympia Press.
• September 19
  • President of Argentina Juan Peron is ousted in a military coup.
  • Hurricane Hilda kills 200 in Mexico.
• September 22 - Independent (Commercial) Television begins broadcasting in UK .

• September 24 - U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower suffers coronary thrombosis while on vacation in Denver.
• September 30 - Actor James Dean is killed when his Porsche 550 Spyder collides with another automobile near Cholame, California.

October

• October 3 - The Mickey Mouse Club premiers on TV.
• October 4 - The Reverend Sun Myung Moon is released from prison in Seoul, Korea.
• October 20
  • First film footage of Elvis Presley in a planned film short about Cleveland disc jockey Bill Randle
  • Cardiff is proclaimed as the capital city of Wales, United Kingdom
• October 26 - After the last Allied troops have left the country and following the provisions of the Austrian Independence Treaty, Austria declares its permanent neutrality.
• October 26 - Ngo Dinh Diem proclaims Vietnam a republic with himself as president.

November

• November 1 - Time bomb explodes aboard a United Airlines DC-6 killing 44 above Longmont, Colorado.
• November 3 - 5 and a half mile Rimutaka Railway tunnel opens in New Zealand
• November 5 - Racial segregation is forbidden on trains and buses in US interstate commerce.
• November 12 - The Bugs Bunny cartoon Roman-Legion Hare debuts in the USA.
• November 20 - Bo Diddley makes his TV debut on Ed Sullivan's Toast Of The Town show for CBS.
• November 23 - The Cocos Islands are transferred from the control of the United Kingdom to Australia.
• November 29 - Fred Phelps establishes the Westboro Baptist Church, an anti-gay hate group, in Topeka, Kansas.

December

• December 1 - Rosa Parks is arrested for refusing to give up her seat on the bus to a white person, and the national civil rights movement begins.
• December 5
  • The American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations merge to become the AFL-CIO.
  • The Montgomery Improvement Association is formed in Montgomery, Alabama by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and other Black ministers to coordinate a Black boycott of city buses.
• December 14
  • Tappan Zee Bridge in New York opens to traffic.
  • Bulgaria joins the United Nations.
• December 22 - Joe Hin Tjio discovers correct number of human chromosomes.
• December 31 - General Motors becomes the first American corporation to make over USD $1 billion in a year.
• 70 mm film is introduced with Oklahoma!.

Undated

• Düsseldorf-Mönchengladbach Airport (Flughafen Düsseldorf-Mönchengladbach) is founded.

Ongoing

• Malayan Emergency (1948-1960)
• Marshall Plan
• Mau Mau Uprising (1952-1960)

World population

• World population: 2,755,823,000

- Africa: 246,746,000

- Asia: 1,541,947,000

- Europe: 575,184,000

- Latin-America: 190,797,000

- Northern America: 186,884,000

- Oceania: 14,265,000

Births

1955 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1955 MCMLV
Ab urbe condita	2708
Armenian calendar	1404 ԹՎ ՌՆԴ
Bahá'í calendar	111 – 112
Berber calendar	2905
Buddhist calendar	2499
Burmese calendar	1317
Chinese calendar	4591/4651-12-8 ( 甲午年十二月初八日) — to — 4592/4652-11-18 ( 乙未年十一月十八日)
Coptic calendar	1671 – 1672
Ethiopian calendar	1947 – 1948
Hebrew calendar	5715 – 5716
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	2010 – 2011
- Shaka Samvat	1877 – 1878
- Kali Yuga	5056 – 5057
Holocene calendar	11955
Iranian calendar	1333 – 1334
Islamic calendar	1374 – 1375
Japanese calendar	Shōwa 30 (昭和30年)
Korean calendar	4288
Thai solar calendar	2498

January-February

• January 1 - Mario Andreacchio, Australian film director
• January 2 - Tex Brashear, American voice actor
• January 6 - Rowan Atkinson, English comedian and actor
• January 12 - Rockne O'Bannon, American writer and television producer
• January 13 - Jay McInerney, American writer
• January 15 - Nigel Benson, British author and illustrator
• January 17 - Steve Earle, American musician
• January 18 - Kevin Costner, American actor
• January 19 - Simon Rattle, English conductor
• January 20 - Joe Doherty, Provisional Irish Republican Army member
• January 25 - Terry Chimes, British drummer ( The Clash)
• January 26 - Eddie Van Halen, Dutch-born musician
• January 27
  • John Roberts, Chief Justice of the United States
  • Alexander Stuart, British author
• January 28 - Nicolas Sarkozy, President of France
• February 3
  • Stephen Euin Cobb, American novelist
  • Kirsty Wark, Scottish television presenter
• February 6 - Michael Pollan, American journalist
• February 7 - Miguel Ferrer, American actor
• February 8 - John Grisham, American novelist
• February 10
  • Chris Adams, British professional wrestler and judoka (d. 2001)
  • Greg Norman, Australian golfer
• February 12 - Arsenio Hall, American actor and talk show host
• February 15 - Christopher McDonald, American actor
• February 16 - Hunt Block, American actor
• February 17 - Mo Yan, Chinese writer, author of Red Sorghum (novel)
• February 19 - Jeff Daniels, American actor
• February 20 - Kelsey Grammer, American actor
• February 23
  • Tom Bodett, American voice actor, radio personality, and writer
  • Howard Jones, English musician
  • Flip Saunders, American basketball coach
• February 24
  • Alain Prost, French race car driver
  • Steve Jobs, American computer pioneer

March-April

• March 4 - Dominique Pinon, French actor
• March 5 - Penn Jillette, American magician and comedian
• March 6 - Alberta Watson, Canadian actress
• March 7 - Tommy Kramer, American football player
• March 8 - Don Ashby, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 30 May 1981)
• March 10 - Youssra, Egyptian actress and singer
• March 11 - Nina Hagen, German pop star
• March 15 - Dee Snider, American singer
• March 16
  • Jiro Watanabe, Japanese boxer
  • Bruno Barreto, Brazilian film director
• March 17 - Gary Sinise, American actor
• March 18 - Guillermo Dávila, Venezuelan actor and singer
• March 19 - Bruce Willis, American actor
• March 22
  • Pete Sessions, American politician
  • Valdis Zatlers, president of Latvia
• March 23 - Moses Malone, American basketball player
• March 26 - Danny Arndt, Canadian ice hockey player
• March 28
  • John Alderdice, Irish politician
  • Reba McEntire, American singer and actress
• March 29
  • Earl Campbell, American football player
  • Brendan Gleeson, Irish actor
• March 30 - Paul Reiser, American actor
• March 31 - Angus Young, Scottish-born guitarist ( AC/DC)
• April 5
  • Akira Toriyama, Japanese manga artist
  • Janice Long, British radio disc jockey
• April 6
  • Michael Rooker, American actor
  • Janet Ellis, children's TV presenter
• April 7 - Werner Stocker, German actor (d. 1993)
• April 8
  • Barbara Kingsolver, American fiction writer
  • Kane Hodder, American actor
• April 9
  • Kate Heyhoe, American food writer
• April 11 - Kevin Brady, American politician
• April 13 - Steve Camp, American musician
• April 15 - Dodi Al-Fayed, Egyptian businessman (d. 1997)
• April 16 - Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg
• April 20 - Seema Mustafa, Journalist and Indian Politician
• April 21 - Ebiet G Ade, Indonesian singer and songwriter
• April 23 - Tony Miles, English chess player (d. 2001)
• April 24 - John de Mol, Dutch media tycoon
• April 25
  • John Nunn, English chess player and mathematician
  • Parviz Parastui, Iranian actor
• April 29
  • Kate Mulgrew, American actress
  • Wendee Lee, American voice actress

May-June

• May 1
  • Nick Feldman, English musician
  • Ray Buttigieg, Maltese composer and poet
• May 2
  • Dave Winer, American software pioneer
  • Willie Miller, Scottish footballer
• May 3 - David Hookes, Australian cricketer (d. 2004)
• May 4 - Robert Ellis Orrall, American singer
• May 6 - Tom Bergeron, American television host
• May 7 - Kevin Reed, American Presbyterian author, theologian and publisher.
• May 9 - Anne-Sofie von Otter, Swedish mezzo-soprano
• May 10
  • Chris Berman, American sports broadcaster
  • Mark David Chapman, American assassin of John Lennon
• May 16
  • Olga Korbut, Russian gymnast
  • Jack Morris, baseball player
  • Hazel O'Connor, British singer
  • Debra Winger, American actress
• May 17 - Bill Paxton, American actor
• May 18 - Chow Yun-Fat, Hong Kong actor
• May 19 - James Gosling, Canadian software engineer
• May 20 - Zbigniew Preisner, Polish film composer
• May 21
  • Paul Barber, British field hockey player
  • Stan Lynch, American drummer, songwriter, and producer
• May 22
  • Dale Winton, English radio DJ and television presenter
  • Jimmy Lyon, American guitarist
  • Chalmers "Spanky" Alford, American jazz guitarist (d. 2008)
• May 24
  • Rosanne Cash, American entertainer
  • Rumiko Ukai, Jpanese voice actress
• May 26
  • Masaharu Morimoto, Japanese chef
  • Doris Dörrie, German actress and screenplay writer
• May 28 - John McGeoch, Scottish musician ( Siouxsie and the Banshees and Public Image Ltd.) (d. 2004)
• May 29 - John Hinckley, Jr., American who attempted to assassinate U.S. President Ronald Reagan
• May 30 - Topper Headon, British drummer ( The Clash)
• May 31 - Tommy Emmanuel, Australian Guitarist, CGP
• June 1 - Ralph Morse (actor), British actor, singer, and writer of historical dramas
• June 2
  • Dana Carvey, American actor and comedian
  • Michael Steele, bassist for The Bangles
• June 6 - Sandra Bernhard, American comedian, actress, author and singer
• June 7 - Tim Richmond, American race car driver (d. 1989)
• June 8 - Tim Berners-Lee, English inventor of the World Wide Web
• June 10 - Andrew Stevens. American actor and film producer
• June 13 - Larry Mike Garmon, American author
• June 14 - Paul O'Grady, English talk show host and comedian
• June 16 - Laurie Metcalf, American actress
• June 20 - Tor Norretranders, Danish author
• June 22
  • Glenn Danzig, American singer and founder of The Misfits, Samhain and Danzig
  • Green Gartside, Welsh singer songwriter
• June 23 - Alan J. Gow, motorsport executive
• June 21 - Tim Bray, Canadian computer programmer
• June 24 - Gurumayi Chidvilasananda, head of Siddha Yoga
• June 26 - Mick Jones, British guitarist ( The Clash and Big Audio Dynamite)
• June 27 - Isabelle Adjani, French actress
• June 30 - David Alan Grier, American actor and comedian

July-August

• July 1
  • Sanma Akashiya, Japanese comedian and actor
  • Lisa Scottoline, American novelist
• July 8
  • Mihaela Mitrache, Romanian actress
• July 9
  • Fred Norris, American radio personality
  • Jimmy Smits, American actor
• July 18 - Bernd Fasching, Austrian painter and sculptor
• July 21 - Howie Epstein, American musician and producer (d. 2003)
• July 27 - Allan Border, Australian cricket player
• August 2 - Caleb Carr, American writer
• August 4 - Billy Bob Thornton, American actor
• August 7 - Vladimir Sorokin, Russian writer
• August 8 - Diddú (Sigrún Hjálmtýsdóttir), Icelandic soprano and songwriter
• August 9 - Doug Williams, American football quarterback
• August 19 - Peter Gallagher, American actor
• August 24 - Mike Huckabee, former Governor and 2008 Presidential candidate
• August 27 - Laura Fygi, Dutch singer
• August 30 - David Hefner, son of Hugh Hefner
• August 31 - Edwin Moses, American athlete

September-October

• September 1 - Bruce Foxton, English musician
• September 2 - Robert Duncan, American astrophysicist
• September 3 - Steve Jones, English guitarist (Sex Pistols)
• September 7 - Efim Zelmanov, Russian mathematician
• September 9 - John Kricfalusi, Canadian cartoonist
• September 10 - Pat Mastelotto, American musician
• September 12 - Peter Scolari, American actor
• September 15 - Željka Antunović, Croatian politician
• September 16 - Robin Yount, baseball player
• September 17 - Charles Martinet, American voice-actor
• September 19 - Richard Burmer, American composer, sound designer, and musician (d. 2006)
• September 21 - Richard Hieb, American astronaut
• September 23 - Don Graham, American journalist
• September 28 - Stéphane Dion, Canadian politician
• October 7 - Yo-Yo Ma, French-born Chinese cellist
• October 13 - Sergei Shepelev, Russian ice hockey player
• October 15 - Kulbir Bhaura, British field hockey player
• October 18 - Timmy Mallett, British television presenter
• October 21 - Rich Mullins, American musician (d. 1997)
• October 28
  • Bill Gates, American software entrepreneur
  • Indra Nooyi, CEO
• October 29 - Kevin DuBrow, American Musician (d. 2007)

November-December

• November 2 - Chris Burnett, American saxophone player, composer, veteran of US military jazz bands and band leader
• November 3 - Phil Simms, American football player
• November 4 - Matti Vanhanen, Prime Minister of Finland
• November 5 - Karan Thapar, Indian Journalist, Political Analyst & Commentator
• November 6 - Maria Shriver, American journalist
• November 7 - Detlef Ultsch, German judo athlete
• November 9 - Karen Dotrice, English actress
• November 11 - Jigme Singye Wangchuk, King of Bhutan
• November 13 - Whoopi Goldberg, American actress and comedienne
• November 20 - Ray Ozzie, Chief Software Architect
• November 21 - Kyle Gann, American composer and music critic
• November 23 - Steven Brust, American author
• November 24 - Ian Botham, British cricketer
• November 27 - Bill Nye, American science presenter
• November 29 - Howie Mandel, Canadian actor
• November 30
  • Kevin Conroy, American voice actor
  • Billy Idol, British singer
  • Gordon Liu, Chinese actor
• December 3 - Steven Culp, American actor
• December 4 - Maurizio Bianchi, Italian musician
• December 7 - Priscilla Barnes, American actress
• December 8 - Ian Greig, English cricketer
• December 12 - Gianna Angelopoulos-Daskalaki, Greek politician and businesswoman
• December 15 - Paul Simonon, British bassist ( The Clash)
• December 17 - Brad Davis, American basketball player
• December 16 - Rob Levin, founder of the freenode IRC network
• December 18 - Ray Liotta, American actor
• December 21 - Jane Kaczmarek, American actress
• December 23 - Carol Ann Duffy, British poet
• December 24 - Clarence Gilyard, American actor
• December 27 - Barbara Olson, American television commentator (d. 2001)

Deaths

January-June

• January 1 - Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar, Indian scientist (b. 1894)
• January 2 - Jose Antonio Remon, President of Panama (assassinated) (b. 1908)
• January 6 - Yevgeny Tarle, Soviet historian (b. 1874)
• January 15 - Yves Tanguy, French painter (b. 1900)
• January 18 - August Duesenberg, automobile manufacturer (b. 1879)
• January 21 - Archie Hahn, American athlete (b. 1880)
• January 24 - Ira Hayes, U.S. Marine (b. 1923)
• January 29 - Hans Hedtoft, Prime Minister of Denmark (b. 1903)
• January 31 - John Mott, American YMCA leader, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1865)
• February 12 - Tom Moore, Irish-American film actor (b. 1883)
• March 11 - Sir Alexander Fleming, Scottish scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1881)
• March 12 - Charlie Parker, American saxophonist (b. 1920)
• March 23 - Artur da Silva Bernardes, President of Brazil (b. 1875)
• April 7 - Theda Bara, American film actress (b. 1885)
• April 18 - Albert Einstein, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1879)
• May 4 - Georges Enescu, Romanian composer (b. 1881)
• May 10
  • Tommy Burns, American boxer (b. 1881)
  • John Radecki, Australian stained glass artist (b. 1865)
• May 11 - Gilbert Jessop, English cricketer (b. 1874)
• May 16 - James Agee, American writer (b. 1909)
• May 18 - Mary McLeod Bethune, American educator (b. 1875)
• May 26 - Alberto Ascari, Italian race car driver (b. 1918)
• June 5 - Pattillo Higgins, American oil pioneer and businessman (b. 1863)
• June 19 - Adrienne Monnier, French poet (b. 1892)
• June 24 - Carlos Gardel, Argentine singer (b. 1890)
• June 25 - Vito Corleone, Italian-American Mob Boss (b. 1891)

July-December

• July 3 - Beatrice Chase, British writer (b. 1874)
• July 23 - Cordell Hull, United States Secretary of State, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1871)
• August 2 - Wallace Stevens, American poet (b. 1879)
• August 5 - Carmen Miranda, Portuguese singer and actress (b. 1909)
• August 12 - Thomas Mann, German writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1875)
• August 12 - James B. Sumner, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1887)
• August 13 - Florence Easton, English opera soprano (b. 1882)
• August 28 - Emmett Till, American murder victim (b. 1941)
• September 24 - Ib Schønberg, Danish actor (b. 1902)
• September 30 - James Dean, American actor (automobile accident) (b. 1931)
  

  

  Sept.30: James Dean.
• October 1 - Charles Christie, American film studio owner (b. 1880)
• October 9 - Theodor Cardinal Innitzer, Catholic Archbishop of Vienna (b. 1875)
• October 18 - José Ortega y Gasset, Spanish philosopher (b. 1883}
• November 4 - Cy Young, baseball player (b. 1867)
• November 5 - Maurice Utrillo, French artist (b. 1882)
• November 12 - Alfréd Hajós, Hungarian swimmer (b. 1878)
• November 22 - Shemp Howard, American actor and comedian (b. 1895)
• November 27 - Arthur Honegger, French-born Swiss composer (b. 1892)
• December 6 - Honus Wagner, baseball player (b. 1874)
• December 13 - Egas Moniz, Portuguese neurologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1874)
• December 21 - Garegin Njdeh, Armenian statesman (b. 1886)
• December 25 - Elizabeth Harrison, daughter of President Benjamin Harrison and Mary Dimmick Harrison (b. 1897)
• December 25 - Thomas J. Preston, Jr., professor of Archeology at Princeton University; he married Frances Cleveland, widow of President Grover Cleveland (b. 1862)
• December 27 - Alfred Francis Blakeney Carpenter, English soldier (b. 1881)

Nobel prizes

• Physics - Willis Eugene Lamb, Polykarp Kusch
• Chemistry - Vincent du Vigneaud
• Physiology or Medicine- Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell
• Literature - Halldór Kiljan Laxness
• Peace - not awarded

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