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Map information
This map indicates trading routes used around the 1st century CE centred on the Silk Road. The routes remain largely valid for the period 500 BCE to 500 CE.
Geographical labels for regions are adapted from the Geography of Ptolemy (c. 150 CE), some trading centre names date from later (c. 400 CE). Relying on Ptolemy's names is wrong but neutral.
The following contemporary trading centres (or possible trading centres) are not marked:
Red Sea - Myos Hormos, Berenica, Ptolemais Theron, Adulis, Muza, Ocalis, Aualites, Malao.
Arabia - [South] Saue, Sana, Saphar, Eudaemon Arabia, Cane, Mosyllon, Moscha
Persian Gulf - Asabon, Charax, Gerra, Ommana, Apologos
Persia - Persepolis, Alexandria Areion, Kandahar
Africa - [East Africa/Kush/Axum] Coloe, Axum, Akhmim, Panopolis, Aromaton Emporion, Opone, Sarapion, Dongola. [Mediterranean] Cyrene, Leptis Magna, Carthage, Caesarea, [Beyond map] [East Africa] Juba, Maji, Sennar, [Trans-Saharan] Sijilmassa, Tamanrasset, Murzuk, Tingis.
Europe - Gades (Cadiz), Augusta Treverorum (Trier), Aquileia, Ostia, Athens
India - [Arabian Sea] Horaia, Barbaricum, Barake, Astakapra, Suppara, Kalliena, Semylla, Mandagora, Palaepatmae, Melizeigara, Erannoboas, Byzantion, Naura, Tymdis, [Central] Paethana, Tagara, [South] Muziris, Nelcynda, Bacare, Balita, Colchi, Palaesimundu, [East] Argaru, Poduca, Sopatma.
Silk Road - Ecbatana, Yarkand, Jiaohei, Kitai, Kaifeng. (Note - both summer and winter routes around the Takla Makan are shown)
China - Chengdu, Kunming, Cattgara
South East Asia - Trang, Thaton
The routes between most of these unindicated sites are not marked, notably the extensive European/Roman routes and the other routes in Persia beyond the Silk Road. Another route not indicated is the Scythian route running from China to the Black Sea. The large number not marked on India are the minor sites listed in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea.
Origins of trade goods
China - silk, clothing, lacquerware, spices
Indo-China - spices, ivory, timber, pearls
Northern India - precious stones, ivory, tortoiseshell, incense, spices, cloth, timber
Southern India - ivory, tortoiseshell, spices, precious stones, cloth, timber
Arabia - spices, slaves, precious stones
East Africa - gold, ivory, exotic animals, slaves, incense
Trans-Sahara - ivory, gold, slaves
North Africa - grain,
Southern Europe - olive oil, wine, glassware, coinage
Western Europe - silver, tin
Northern Europe - slaves, amber,
Asia Minor - silver, precious stones, timber, wine
Image editing
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