1913
2008/9 Schools Wikipedia Selection. Related subjects: Years
| Centuries: | 19th century - 20th century - 21st century |
| Decades: | 1880s 1890s 1900s - 1910s - 1920s 1930s 1940s |
| Years: | 1910 1911 1912 - 1913 - 1914 1915 1916 |
Year 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar).
Events of 1913
January
- 13 January
- Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Incorporated, a Social Sorority, is founded on the campus of Howard University by twenty-two collegiate women.
- The Irish Ulster Volunteers are reoganized into the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) by the Ulster Unionist Party, with the intention of defending Ulster against Home Rule.
- 23 January - Coup of 1913 in the Ottoman Empire, lead by Enver Pasha; the CUP overthrew the Liberal Union coalition and introduced a military dictatorship.
- 30 January - House of Lords rejects third Irish Home Rule Bill.
February
- 1 February - New York City's Grand Central Terminal, having been rebuilt, reopens as the world's largest train station.
- 3 February - The 16th Amendment to the US Constitution is ratified, authorizing the Federal government to impose and collect income taxes.
- 4 February - Trial of the remnants of the Bonnot gang begins.
- 9 February - "The Great Fireball Procession": a chain of slow, large meteors moving from northwest to southeast is sighted over North America, particularly in Canada.
- 17 February - The Armory Show opens in New York City. It displays works of artists who are to become some of the most influential painters of the early 20th century.
March
- 3 March - The First Women's Suffrage March.
- March - Outpouring of monarchist sentiment in Russia when the House of Romanov celebrates the 300th anniversary of their succession to the throne.
- 4 March
- Woodrow Wilson succeeds William Howard Taft as the 28th President of the United States.
- The US Department of Commerce and US Department of Labor are established by splitting the duties of the 10-year-old Department of Commerce and Labor.
- The first U.S. law regulating the shooting of migratory birds passed.
- 7 March - British freighter Alum Chine carrying 343 tons of dynamite explodes in Baltimore harbour.
- 10 March - Civil Rights activist Harriet Tubman dies of pneumonia.
- 12 March - Australia begins building the new federal capital of Canberra.
- 13 March - Mexican Revolution - Pancho Villa returns to Mexico from his self-imposed exile in USA.
- 18 March - King George I of Greece is assassinated.
- 20 March - Sung Chiao-jen, a founder of the Chinese nationalist party ( KMT) is wounded in an assassination attempt and dies 2 days after.
- 25 March
- Venustiano Carranza announces his Plan of Guadalupe and begins his rebellion against Victoriano Huerta's government as the head of " Constitutionals."
- 2 days of rain in the Miami Valley flood the region and mark the worst natural disaster in Ohio's recorded history. Dayton is especially devastated in this great flood.
- 26 March - Balkan War: Bulgarian forces take Adrianople.
April
- 8 April - Passing of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, dictating the direct election of senators.
- 24 April - Woolworth Building opening ceremony.
May
- May - The painting September Morn creates a national sensation in the USA and results in a court case.
- 13 May - Igor Sikorsky becomes the first person to pilot a four engine aircraft.
- 14 May - New York Governor William Sulzer approves the charter for the Rockefeller Foundation which begins operations with a $100,000,000 donation from John D. Rockefeller.
- 29 May - Igor Stravinsky's ballet score The Rite of Spring is premiered in Paris causing a riot that very night.
- 30 May - First Balkan War: A peace treaty is signed in London ending the war.
June
- June - First edition of the Christian Esoteric magazine Rays from the Rose Cross in the United States; still issued bimonthly till today.
- 4 June - Emily Davison, a suffragette, runs out in front of the king's horse, Anmer, at the Epsom Derby. She was trampled and died four days later in the hospital, never having regained consciousness.
- 13 June - Great Gorge and International Railway trolley and passengers are buried under the contents of an overhead garbage chute that broke in Niagara Falls, New York.
- 15 June - Bud Bagsak Massacre: US troops under General John 'Black Jack' Pershing kill at least 2,000 civilians, Bud Bagsak, Philippines. (Disputed: First Battle of Bud Dajo)
- 24 June - Joseph Cook becomes the 6th Prime Minister of Australia.
July
- 3 July - Commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg draws thousands of American Civil War veterans and their families to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
- 10 July - Death Valley, California hits 134 °F (~56.7 °C) which is the highest temperature recorded in the United States (as of 2004).
August
- 4 August - In China, province of Chungking declares independence. Chinese Republican forces crush the rebellion in a couple of weeks
- 10 August - Division of Macedonia after the second Balkan War, according to the Treaty of Bucharest
- 13 August - Invention of stainless steel by Harry Brearley in Sheffield.
- 15 August - Start of Dublin Strike & Lockout, all trade union members dismissed
- 20 August - 700 feet above Buc, France, parachutist Adolphe Pegond jumps from an airplane and lands safely.
September
- 19 September - Francis Ouimet wins the U.S. Open by five strokes to become the first amateur to ever win the event
- 23 September - French aviator Roland Garros flies over the Mediterranean
- 29 September
- Rudolf Diesel disappears en route to Britain
- Pancho Villa is elected commander of the "Northern Division" of the Constitutionals
October
- 1 October - Villa's troops take Torreon after a three-day battle when government troops retreat
- 3 October - The United States Revenue Act of 1913 re-imposes the federal income tax and lowers basic tariff rates from 40% to 25%.
- 10 October - US President Woodrow Wilson triggers the explosion of the Gamboa Dike, ending construction on the Panama Canal.
- 19 October - Founding of the DLRG (German Life Saving Society)
November
- November 1st - 56,654: Highest number of Panama Canal employees recorded since construction began in 1904.
- 5 November - The insane king Otto of Bavaria is deposed by his cousin, Prince Regent Ludwig, who assumed the title Ludwig III.
- 6 November - Mohandas Gandhi is arrested while leading a march of Indian miners in South Africa.
- 7 November- 11 - The Great Lakes Storm of 1913 kills more than 250.
December
- 1 December
- Ford Motor Company introduces the first moving assembly line, reducing chassis assembly time from 12½ hours in October to 2 hours, 40 minutes (although Ford was not the first to use an assembly line, his successful adoption of one did spark an era of mass production).
- Crete, having obtained self rule from Turkey after the first Balkan war, is annexed by Greece.
- 12 December
- Emperor of Ethiopia Menelik II dies and is succeeded by his grandson Iyasu V of Ethiopia.
- Vincenzo Perugia tries to sell Mona Lisa in Florence and is arrested.
- 21 December - Arthur Wynne's "word-cross", the first crossword puzzle, is published in the New York World.
- 23 December - The Federal Reserve is created by Woodrow Wilson.
- 30 December - Italy returns Mona Lisa to France.
- December - Bombay India Gateway of India constructed to commemorate first entry of Queen Victoria to India.
Undated
- Female suffrage in Norway
- British steamship Calvadas disappears in the Marmara Sea with 200 hands on board.
- de Sitter: shows speed of light is independent of speed of source.
- Sagnac: shows speed of light depends on speed of rotating platform.
- Camel cigarettes are introduced.
- First publication of Journal of Ecology.
- National Temperance Council founded to promote the temperance movement.
- United States Soccer Federation is formed.
- The modern zipper is invented.
- The cities of Winston, North Carolina and Salem, North Carolina officially merged to become Winston-Salem.
- End of Portuguese immigration to the Hawaiian Islands (1878-1913).
- The value of world trade roughly $38 billion.
- Schools founded: The Hockaday School, Crescent School.
Ongoing
- First Balkan War.
Births
| Gregorian calendar | 1913 MCMXIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2666 |
| Armenian calendar | 1362 ԹՎ ՌՅԿԲ |
| Bahá'í calendar | 69 – 70 |
| Berber calendar | 2863 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2457 |
| Burmese calendar | 1275 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7421 – 7422 |
| Chinese calendar | 壬子年十一月廿四日 (4549/4609-11-24) — to — 癸丑年十二月初五日(4550/4610-12-5) |
| Coptic calendar | 1629 – 1630 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1905 – 1906 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5673 – 5674 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1968 – 1969 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1835 – 1836 |
| - Kali Yuga | 5014 – 5015 |
| Holocene calendar | 11913 |
| Iranian calendar | 1291 – 1292 |
| Islamic calendar | 1331 – 1332 |
| Japanese calendar | Taishō 2 (大正2年) |
| Korean calendar | 4246 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2456 |
January-February
- 2 January - Anna Lee, English actress (d. 2004)
- 5 January - Jack Haig, English actor (d. 1989)
- 6 January - Edward Gierek, Polish politician (d. 2001)
- 6 January - Loretta Young, American actress (d. 2000)
- 9 January - Richard M. Nixon, President of the United States (d. 1994)
- 10 January - Gustáv Husák, Slovak politician (d. 1991)
- 15 January - Lloyd Bridges, American actor (d. 1998)
- 15 January - Alexander Marinesko,captain of the S-13 submarine, which sank the German ship Wilhelm Gustloff, when 10,000 died while the ship sank.(d. 1963)
- 18 January - Danny Kaye, American actor (d. 1987)
- 18 January - George Unwin, British fighter ace WWII (d. 2006)
- 22 January - William Cardinal Conway, Irish clergyman (d. 1977)
- 22 January - Carl F. H. Henry, American theologian and publisher (d. 2003)
- 24 January - Norman Dello Joio, American composer (d. 2008)
- 25 January - Witold Lutosławski, Polish composer (d. 1994)
- 26 January - Jimmy Van Heusen, American composer (d. 1990)
- 28 January - Wally Parks, Founder of the NHRA {d. 2007)
- 29 January - Peter von Zahn, German journalist and writer (d. 2001)
- 2 February - Poul Reichhardt, Danish actor (d. 1985)
- 4 February - Rosa Parks, American civil rights activist (d. 2005)
- 6 February - Mary Leakey, British anthropologist (d. 1996)
- 13 February - George Barker, British poet (d. 1991)
- 14 February - Mel Allen, American sports reporter (d. 1996)
- 14 February - Jimmy Hoffa, American labor leader (disappeared 1975)
- 14 February - Woody Hayes, National Football League Coach (d. 12 March 1987)
- 25 February - Jim Backus, American actor (d. 1989)
- 25 February - Gert Fröbe, German actor (d. 1988)
- 27 February - T. B. Ilangaratne, Sri Lankan author, dramatist, actor and politician (d. 1992)
- 27 February - Paul Ricoeur, French philosopher (d. 2005)
- 27 February - Irwin Shaw, American writer (d. 1984)
- 27 February - Kazimierz Sabbat, Polish president (d. 1989)
March-April
- 1 March - Richard S.R. Fitter, British writer (d. 2005)
- 2 March - Godfried Bomans, Dutch writer (d. 1971)
- 4 March - John Garfield, American actor (d. 1952)
- 13 March - William Casey, American Central Intelligence Agency director (d. 1987)
- 13 March - Smoky Dawson, Australian singer (d. 2008)
- 13 March - Sergey Mikhalkov, Russian writer and lyricist
- 18 March - René Clément, French film director (d. 1996)
- 21 March - George Abecassis, English race car driver (d. 1991)
- 26 March - Paul Erdős, Hungarian mathematician (d. 1996)
- 26 March - Jacqueline de Romilly, French philologist
- 29 March - R. S. Thomas, Welsh poet (d. 2000)
- 30 March - Richard Helms, American Central Intelligence Agency director (d. 2002)
- 30 March - Frankie Laine, American singer (d. 2007)
- 30 March - Ċensu Tabone, Maltese politician
- 31 March - Etta Baker, American musician (d. 2006)
- 3 April - Per Borten, Premier of Norway (d. 2005)
- 7 April - Charles Vanik, American politician (d. 2007)
- 11 April - Oleg Cassini, American fashion designer (d. 2006)
- 14 April - Jean Fournet, French conductor
- 27 April - Philip Hauge Abelson, American physicist, writer, and editor (d. 2004)
May-June
- 1 May - Louis Nye, American comedian and actor (d. 2005)
- 1 May - Walter Susskind, Czech conductor (d. 1980)
- 5 May - Tyrone Power, American actor (d. 1958)
- 8 May - Saima Harmaja, Finnish poet (d. 1937)
- 11 May - Robert Jungk, Austrian journalist (d. 1994)
- 13 May - William R. Tolbert, Jr., President of Liberia (d. 1980)
- 16 May - Woody Herman, American musician and band leader (d. 1987)
- 20 May - William Hewlett, American businessman (d. 2001)
- 26 May - Peter Cushing, English actor (d. 1994)
- 29 May - Tony Zale, American boxer (d. 1997)
- 6 June - Carlo L. Golino, American scholar (d. 1991)
- 10 June - Tikhon Khrennikov, Russian composer (d. 2007)
- 11 June - Vince Lombardi, American football coach (d. 1970)
- 11 June - Risë Stevens, American mezzosoprano
- 18 June - Robert Mondavi, American winemaker (d. 2008)
- 18 June - Sylvia Field Porter, American economist and journalist (d. 1991)
- 25 June - Cyril Fletcher, British comedian (d. 2005)
- 26 June - Aimé Césaire, French Martinican poet and politician (d. 2008)
- 28 June - Franz Antel, Austrian filmmaker (d. 2007)
- 30 June - Alfonso López Michelsen, President of Colombia (d. 2007)
July-August
- 3 July - Dorothy Kilgallen, American newspaper columnist (d. 1965)
- 12 July - Philip Mayer Kaiser, American diplomat (d. 2007)
- 12 July - Willis Lamb, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2008)
- 14 July - Gerald Ford, 38th President of the United States (d. 2006)
- 17 July - Roger Garaudy, French Holocaust denier
- 18 July - Red Skelton, American comedian (d. 1997)
- 22 July - Gorni Kramer, Italian bandleader and songwriter (d. 1995)
- 22 July - Licia Albanese, Italian-born soprano
- 23 July - Michael Foot, British politician
- 8 August - John Facenda, American sports announcer (d. 1984)
- 8 August - Robert Stafford, Governor of Vermont, U.S Representative and U.S. Senator. (d. 2006)
- 10 August - Wolfgang Pauli, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1993)
- 13 August - Fred Davis, English snooker and billiards player (d. 1998)
- 13 August - Makarios III, Archbishop and first President of Cyprus (d.1977)
- 16 August - Menachem Begin, Prime Minister of Israel, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1992)
- 17 August - W. Mark Felt, American Federal Bureau of Investigation Associate Director and Deep Throat Watergate informant
- 17 August - Rudy York, baseball player (d. 1970)
- 19 August - Richard Simmons, American actor (d. 2003)
- 20 August - Roger Wolcott Sperry, American neurobiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1994)
- 27 August - Nina Schenk von Stauffenberg, German wife of freedom fighter Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg (d. 2006)
- 28 August - Robertson Davies, Canadian novelist (d. 1995)
- 28 August - Richard Tucker, American tenor (d. 1975)
- 29 August - Jan Ekier, Polish pianist and composer
- 30 August - Richard Stone, British economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
- 31 August - Helen Levitt, American photographer
September-October
- 1 September - Ludwig Merwart, Austrian painter and graphic artist (1979)
- 2 September - Israel Gelfand, Russian mathematician
- 4 September
- 12 September - Jesse Owens, American athlete (d. 1980)
- 14 September - Jacobo Arbenz, President of Guatemala (d. 1971)
- 15 September - John N. Mitchell, United States Attorney General and convicted Watergate criminal (d. 1988)
- 19 September - Frances Farmer, American actress (d. 1970)
- 28 September - Warja Honegger-Lavater, Swiss artist and illustrator (d. 2007)
- 24 September - Wilson Rawls, American Author (d. 1984)
- 29 September
- 30 September - Bill Walsh, American movie producer and writer (d. 1975)
- 10 October - Claude Simon, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
- 18 October - Evelyn Venable, American actress (d. 1993)
- 22 October - Robert Capa, Hungarian-born photojournalist (d. 1954)
- 22 October - Tamara Desni, German-born British actress (d. 2008)
November-December
- 2 November - Burt Lancaster, American actor (d. 1994)
- 5 November - Vivien Leigh, British actress (d. 1967)
- 7 November - Albert Camus, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1960)
- 7 November - Elizabeth Bradford Holbrook, Canadian sculptor
- 9 November - Hedy Lamarr, Austrian actress (d. 2000)
- 10 November - Álvaro Cunhal, Portuguese politician (d. 2005)
- 13 November - Alexander Scourby, American actor (d. 1985)
- 15 November - Arthur Haulot, Belgian journalist (d. 2005)
- 21 November
- 22 November
- Benjamin Britten, English composer (d. 1976)
- Cecilia Muñoz-Palma, first female Philippine Supreme Court Justice (d. 2006)
- 23 November - Michael Gough, English actor
- 25 November - Lewis Thomas, American physician and essayist (d. 1993)
- 6 December
- 8 December - Delmore Schwartz, American poet (d. 1966)
- 9 December - Frances Reid, American actress
- 10 December
- 13 December - Arnold Brown, Salvation Army general (d. 2002)
- 15 December - Muriel Rukeyser, American poet (d. 1980)
- 16 December - George Ignatieff, a Canadian diplomat was the recipient of the 1984 Pearson Medal of Peace. (d. 1989)
- 18 December
- Alfred Bester, American author (d. 1987)
- Willy Brandt, Chancellor of Germany, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1992)
- 21 December - Arnold Friberg, American artist
- 30 December - Elyne Mitchell, Australian author (d. 2002)
Deaths
January - June
- 2 January - Léon Teisserenc de Bort, French meteorologist (b. 1855)
- 4 January - Alfred von Schlieffen, German field marshal (b. 1833)
- 22 February - Francisco I. Madero, President of Mexico (b. 1873)
- 26 February - Felix Draeseke, German composer (b. 1835)
- 10 March - Harriet Tubman, American abolitionist (b. 1820)
- 11 March - John Shaw Billings, American military and medical leader (b. 1838)
- 18 March - King George I of Greece (b. 1845)
- 22 March - Sung Chiao-jen, Chinese revolutionary (b. 1882)
- 31 March - J.P.Morgan, American financier and banker (b. 1837)
- 1 May - John Barclay Armstrong, Texas Ranger and U.S. Marshal (b. 1850)
- 16 May - Louis Perrier, member of the Swiss Federal Council (b. 1849)
- 5 June - Chris von der Ahe, German-born brewer and baseball owner
- 8 June - Emily Davison, British suffragette (b. 1872)
- 28 June - Manoel Ferraz de Campos Salles, Brazilian president (b. 1841)
July - December
- 3 July - Horatio Nelson Young, American naval hero (b. 1845)
- 13 July - Edward Burd Grubb, American Civil War Union Brevet Brigadier General (b. 1841)
- 19 July - Clímaco Calderón, President of Colombia (b. 1852)
- 29 July - Tobias Michael Carel Asser, Dutch jurist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1838)
- 30 September - Rudolf Diesel, German engine inventor (b. 1858)
- 5 October - Hans von Bartels, German painter (b. 1856)
- 7 November - Alfred Russel Wallace, Welsh biologist (b. 1823)
- 22 November - Tokugawa Yoshinobu, Japanese shogun (b. 1837)
- 7 December - Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano, Italian Catholic churchman and last surviving cardinal of Pius IX (b. 1828)
- 12 December - Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1844)
Nobel prizes
- Physics - Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes
- Chemistry - Alfred Werner
- Medicine - Charles Robert Richet
- Literature - Rabindranath Tagore
- Peace - Henri La Fontaine
Ship events
- List of ship launches in 1913
- List of ship commissionings in 1913
- List of ship decommissionings in 1913