List of indigenous peoples

2008/9 Schools Wikipedia Selection. Related subjects: Peoples

This is a selected list of the world's indigenous peoples. For guidelines on what should be included or excluded in this listing, see this article's Talk page.

Note that this is a listing of peoples, groups and communities. It is not a list of individual persons who may be considered or recognised as indigenous.

This list is grouped by region, and sub-region. Note that a particular group may warrant listing under more than one region, either because the group is distributed in more than one region (example: Inuit in North America and eastern Russia), or there may be some overlap of the regions themselves (that is, the boundaries of each region are not always clear and some locations may commonly be associated with more than one region).

Caribbean
Central
Asia
East Asia
North Asia
South
Asia
Southeast
Asia
SW.
Asia
Australasia
Melanesia
Micronesia
Polynesia
Central
America
Northern
America
Americas
C.
Africa
W.
Africa
C.
Europe
E.
Europe
N.
Europe
S.
Europe
W.
Europe

Africa

The continent of Africa, including associated islands such as Madagascar, but excluding Arabia.

Central Africa

Central Africa generally includes the lands mainly of the Congo River basin, south of the Sahara and west of the Great Rift Valley.

East Africa

East Africa generally includes the Horn of Africa region and (parts of) surrounding countries.

North Africa

North Africa generally includes African countries with borders on the Mediterranean Sea and northern Red Sea and Atlantic Ocean, bounded largely by the Sahara Desert to the south.

Southern Africa

Southern Africa generally includes lands from the Cape of Good Hope northwards to the borders of Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania, and islands such as Madagascar.

West Africa

West Africa generally includes the region bounded by the Sahara Desert to the north and the Gulf of Guinea to the south.

Americas

the Americas is the continent (or supercontinent) comprising North and South America, and associated islands.

The Caribbean

the Caribbean, or West Indies, generally includes the island chains of the Caribbean Sea.

  • Taíno: Amerindians who inhabited the Caribbean island of Hispanola, of Arawakan descent.
  • Galibi
  • Neo-Taíno nations Some scholars distinguish between the Taíno and Neo-Taíno groups. Neo-Taíno groups were also Amerindians of the Antilles islands, but had distinctive languages and cultural practices that differed from the High Taíno. These groups include;
    • Ciboney: a term preferred in Cuban historical texts for the neo-Taino-Siboney nations of the island of Cuba.
    • Ciguayo. Eastern Hispaniola.
    • Lucaya. Based in Cuba and the Bahamas.
    • Macorix. Hispaniola.
    • Guanahatabey. Far Western Cuba, at the Guanahacabibes Peninsula.
    • Eyeri Often called Carib.

Central America and Mexico

Central America generally includes the part of the North American (sub-)contintent from southern Mexico to and including Panama, this section includes indigenous peoples of Mexico.

North America

North America generally includes Greenland, Canada, the United States, Mexico, and the eastern Aleutian Islands.

South America

South America generally includes all of the (sub-)continent and islands south of the Isthmus of Panama.

Urarina shaman, 1988
Urarina shaman, 1988

Asia

The (sub-)continent of Asia, including related islands, the Indian subcontinent, Central Asian Republics, the Middle East and Arabia.

Central Asia

Central Asia generally includes the landlocked region east of the Caspian Sea, south of the Russian Taiga, to the Himalayas, and extending eastwards to Mongolia and the western Chinese provinces and autonomous regions.

  • Tibetans: Central Asia

East Asia

East Asia generally includes the People's Republic of China (except perhaps province of Qinghai and the western autonomous regions of Tibet and Xinjiang), the Korean Peninsula, and the associated Pacific islands, principally Japan and Taiwan.

  • Ainu: Japan, though not yet officially recognized as such by the government; and (until the end of World War II) on Sakhalin Island, Russia
  • Taiwanese aborigines: the island of Taiwan
    • main ethnic groups
    • Ami
    • Atayal
    • Bunun
    • Kavalan
    • Paiwan
    • Puyuma
    • Rukai
    • Saisiyat
    • Tao
    • Thao
    • Tsou
    • Truku

North Asia

North Asia generally includes the Russian Far East and the northern and eastern parts of Siberia.

  • Northern indigenous peoples of Russia: over 40 distinct peoples, each with their own language and culture in Siberia and Russia
  • Sakha:
  • Tuvans:
  • Altayans: Titular nation of Altai Republic
  • Buryats:
  • Khakas:
  • Tungus:

South Asia

South Asia generally includes the Indian subcontinental region, the Himalayan states and related islands of the Indian Ocean.

  • Adivasi: collective term for many indigenous peoples in India (see also List of Scheduled Tribes in India)
    • Kisan Tribals: indigenous peoples of the Orissa Sundergarh, India :
    • Andamanese: indigenous peoples of the Andaman Islands, India which include:
      • Great Andamanese: formerly at least 10 distinct groups living throughout Great Andaman, now confined to a single community on Strait Island, Andaman Is.
      • Jarawa: South Andaman and Middle Andaman
      • Onge: Little Andaman
      • Jangil (Rutland Jarawa): now extinct, formerly of Rutland Island, Andamans
      • Sentinelese: North Sentinel Island, Andaman Is.
    • Nicobari: Nicobar Islands, India
    • Shompen: Nicobar Islands, India
  • Wanniyala-Aetto, Sri Lanka.
  • Naga: north-east India
  • Kalasha of Chitral: Ancient pre-Muslim ethnic minority in Chitral District, Northern Pakistan

Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia generally includes the mainland region sometimes known as Indochina, and the Malay archipelago.

  • Bajau: Borneo and the Sulu Archipelago (Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines)
  • Akha: The Akha of Thailand, Laos, Myamar and China South East Asia
  • Degar: The Montagnards of mainland South East Asia
  • Igorot: Cordillera mountains in Luzon in the Philippines.
  • Lumad: Mindanao in the Philippines
  • Mangyan: Mindoro in the Philippines
  • Negrito: Southeast Asia, includes the Semang of the Malay peninsula, the Aeta of Luzon, the Ati of Panay, the Mani of Thailand, and the Andamanese. Also called orang asli or original people in the Malay.
  • Penan: Sarawak, Malaysia
  • Sakai: Malay peninsula, distinct from Negritos
  • Tribes of Palawan: Palawan, Philippines

.

Southwest Asia

Southwest Asia generally includes the region (formerly Persia) westwards of Pakistan, the Arabian peninsula, the Middle East or Levant or Eretz Israel, Mesopotamia, the Caucasus region and Anatolia.

  • Assyrians, the Aramaic-speaking minority inhabiting northern Iraq ( Assyrian homeland), northeastern Syria, southeastern Turkey, and northwestern Iran.

Circumpolar North

The Circumpolar North generally includes the lands surrounding the Arctic Circle.

  • Evenks
  • Inuit: Greenland, Northern Canada ( Nunavut and Northwest Territories), Alaska, Chukotka (Russia)
  • Koryaks
  • Nenets
  • Khanty
  • Chukchi
  • Sami: Northern Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Kola peninsula in Russia
  • Yukaghirs

Europe

Europe generally refers to the mass of the Eurasian peninsula westwards of the Ural Mountains, the islands of the Mediterranean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean.

Oceania

Oceania includes most islands of the Pacific Ocean, New Guinea and the continent of Australia.

Australia

Australia includes the continental landmass, and associated islands.

Melanesian

Melanesian generally includes New Guinea and other (far-)western Pacific islands from the Arafura Sea out to Fiji.

  • Papuans: more than 250 distinct tribes or clans, each with their own language and culture. The main island of New Guinea and surrounding islands (territory forming independent state of Papua New Guinea and the Indonesian provinces of West Irian Jaya and Papua Considered "Indigenous" these people are a subject to many debates.
    • Wopkaimin: western PNG, Star Mountains.

Micronesia

Micronesia generally includes the various small island chains of the western and central Pacific.

Polynesia

Polynesia generally includes New Zealand and thus islands of the central and southern Pacific Oceans

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