List of indigenous peoples
2008/9 Schools Wikipedia Selection. Related subjects: Peoples
This is a selected list of the world's indigenous peoples. For guidelines on what should be included or excluded in this listing, see this article's Talk page.
Note that this is a listing of peoples, groups and communities. It is not a list of individual persons who may be considered or recognised as indigenous.
This list is grouped by region, and sub-region. Note that a particular group may warrant listing under more than one region, either because the group is distributed in more than one region (example: Inuit in North America and eastern Russia), or there may be some overlap of the regions themselves (that is, the boundaries of each region are not always clear and some locations may commonly be associated with more than one region).
Asia
Asia
Asia
Asia
America
America
Africa
Africa
Europe
Europe
Europe
Europe
Europe
Africa
The continent of Africa, including associated islands such as Madagascar, but excluding Arabia.
Central Africa
Central Africa generally includes the lands mainly of the Congo River basin, south of the Sahara and west of the Great Rift Valley.
- Pygmy peoples: Central and Western Africa
East Africa
East Africa generally includes the Horn of Africa region and (parts of) surrounding countries.
- Acholi: Uganda
- Afar: Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia
- Agaw: Ethiopia
- Akisho: Ethiopia
- Alur: Uganda
- Ambo: Zambia
- Ankole: Uganda
- Anuak: Ethiopia
- Antalote: Comoros
- Arap: Ethiopia
- Aushi: Zambia
- Aw-Qutub : Ethiopia
- Ayoup: Ethiopia
- Baganda: Uganda
- Bagisu: Uganda
- Bagwere: Uganda
- Bakiga: Uganda
- Bakonjo: Uganda
- Bajuni: Somalia
- Basoga: Uganda
- Batoro: Uganda
- Beja: Eritrea
- Bemba: Zambia
- Benadiri (Reer Hamar): Somalia
- Bertat: Ethiopia
- Betsileo: Madagascar
- Bilen: Eritrea
- Bisa: Zambia
- Borana: Ethiopia
- Bravanese: Somalia
- Bunyoro: Uganda
- Daasanach: Ethiopia
- Cafre: Comoros
- Chagga: Tanzania
- Chewa: Malawi
- Chikunda: Zambia
- Chokwe: Mozambique, Zambia
- Chopi: Mozambique
- Cishinga: Zambia
- Dir (clan) : Ethiopia
- Dorze: Ethiopia
- Gadabuursi: Ethiopia
- Garhajis: Ethiopia
- Garre: Ethiopia
- Gova: Zambia
- Gumuz: Ethiopia
- Gurage: Ethiopia
- Habar Tol Jaalo : Ethiopia
- Hamer people : Ethiopia
- Haya: Tanzania
- Hedareb: Eritrea
- Hehe: Tanzania
- Hutu: Burundi, Rwanda
- Ila: Zambia
- Inamwanga: Zambia
- Irir Samaale: Ethiopia
- Iteso: Uganda
- Iwa: Zambia
- Jeberti: Ethiopia
- Jopadhola: Uganda
- Kabende: Zambia
- Kalenjin: Kenya
- Kamba: Kenya
- Kaonde: Zambia
- Karamojong: Uganda
- Kichepo: Ethiopia
- Kikuyu: Kenya
- Kisii: Kenya
- Kosa: Zambia
- Kunama: Eritrea
- Kunda: Zambia
- Kwandi: Zambia
- Kwandu: Zambia
- Kwangwa: Zambia
- Lala: Zambia
- Lamba: Zambia
- Lango: Uganda
- Legas: Ethiopia
- Lenje: Zambia
- Leya: Zambia
- Lima: Zambia
- Liyuwa: Zambia
- Lomwe: Malawi
- Lozi: Zambia
- Luano: Zambia
- Lucazi: Zambia
- Lugbara: Uganda
- Luhya: Kenya
- Lumbu: Zambia
- Lunda: Zambia
- Lundwe: Zambia
- Lungu: Zambia
- Luo: Kenya, Tanzania
- Luvale: Zambia
- Luunda: Zambia
- Maasai: Kenya and Tanzania
- Makoa: Comoros
- Makoma: Zambia
- Makonde: Mozambique
- Makua: Mozambique
- Mambwe: Zambia
- Manyika: Mozambique
- Marehan: Ethiopia
- Mashasha: Zambia
- Mashi: Zambia
- Mbowe: Zambia
- Mbukushu: Zambia
- Mbumi: Zambia
- Mbunda: Zambia
- Mbwela: Zambia
- Merina: Madagascar
- Meru: Kenya
- Mukulu: Zambia
- Mulonga: Zambia
- Munyoyaya: Kenya
- Mursi: Ethiopia
- Nara: Eritrea
- Ndau: Mozambique
- Ndembu: Zambia
- Ng'umbo: Zambia
- Ngonde: Malawi
- Ngoni: Malawi
- Nguni: Mozambique
- Nkoya: Zambia
- Nsenga: Zambia
- Nuba: Sudan
- Nubians: Sudan
- Nuer: Ethiopia
- Nyakyusa: Tanzania
- Nyamwezi: Tanzania
- Nyangatom: Ethiopia
- Nyanja: Malawi, Zambia
- Nyengo: Zambia
- Nyiha: Zambia
- Ogaden (clan): Ethiopia
- Ogiek: Kenya
- Oimatsaha: Comoros
- Oromo: Ethiopia
- Qemant: Ethiopia
- Rahanweyn: Somalia
- Rashaida: Eritrea
- Rer Bare: Ethiopia
- Rundi: Uganda
- Rwanda: Uganda
- Saho: Eritrea
- Sakalava: Comoros
- Sala: Zambia
- Seba: Zambia
- Sena: Malawi, Mozambique
- Senga: Zambia
- Shangana: Mozambique
- Shanjo: Zambia
- Shanqella: Ethiopia
- Sheikhaal: Ethiopia
- Shila: Zambia
- Shona: Mozambique
- Sidama people : Ethiopia
- Simaa: Zambia
- Soli: Zambia
- Somali: Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia
- Subiya: Zambia
- Sukuma: Tanzania
- Suri: Ethiopia
- Surma: Ethiopia
- Swaka: Zambia
- Tabwa: Zambia
- Tambo: Zambia
- Tigre: Eritrea
- Tigray-Tigrinya people (Tigrinya): Eritrea
- Tigray-Tigrinya people (Tigray): Ethiopia
- Toka: Zambia
- Totela: Zambia
- Tumbuka: Malawi, Zambia
- Tirma: Ethiopia
- Tonga: Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia
- Tutsi: Burundi, Rwanda
- Twa, (Pygmy): Burundi, Rwanda, Zambia,Uganda
- Unga: Zambia
- Wandya: Zambia
- Welayta: Ethiopia
- Welega Oromo: Ethiopia
- Yao: Malawi, Mozambique
- Yombe: Zambia
- Zay: Ethiopia
- Zulu: Mozambique
North Africa
North Africa generally includes African countries with borders on the Mediterranean Sea and northern Red Sea and Atlantic Ocean, bounded largely by the Sahara Desert to the south.
Southern Africa
Southern Africa generally includes lands from the Cape of Good Hope northwards to the borders of Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania, and islands such as Madagascar.
- Khoikhoi: South Africa
- Namaqua: South Africa
West Africa
West Africa generally includes the region bounded by the Sahara Desert to the north and the Gulf of Guinea to the south.
- Baka: Cameroon, Congo (Brazzaville), Gabon, and Central African Republic
- Balengue: Equatorial Guinea
- Benga: Equatorial Guinea
- Bubi: Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea
- Bujeba: Equatorial Guinea
- Combe or Ndowe: Equatorial Guinea
- Duala people: Cameroon
- Fang: Equatorial Guinea
- Ogoni people: Nigeria
- Tuareg: the Sahel
- Toubou: southern Sahara
Americas
the Americas is the continent (or supercontinent) comprising North and South America, and associated islands.
The Caribbean
the Caribbean, or West Indies, generally includes the island chains of the Caribbean Sea.
- Taíno: Amerindians who inhabited the Caribbean island of Hispanola, of Arawakan descent.
- Galibi
- Neo-Taíno nations Some scholars distinguish between the Taíno and Neo-Taíno groups. Neo-Taíno groups were also Amerindians of the Antilles islands, but had distinctive languages and cultural practices that differed from the High Taíno. These groups include;
Central America and Mexico
Central America generally includes the part of the North American (sub-)contintent from southern Mexico to and including Panama, this section includes indigenous peoples of Mexico.
- Achi' (Mayan people of Guatemala)
- Amuzgo ( Oaxaca, Mexico)
- Chocho ( Oaxaca, Mexico)
- Cocopa ( Baja California, Mexico)
- Guarijío ( Sonora, Mexico)
- Garífuna (Belize and Honduras)
- Kikapú ( Coahuila, Mexico)
- Paipai ( Baja California, Mexico)
- Tepehuán ( Chihuahua and Durango, Mexico)
- Chontal de Oaxaca (Tequistlatecan people of Oaxaca, Mexico)
- Chatino ( Oaxaca, Mexico)
- Chichimeca Jonaz ( San Luis Potosí, Mexico)
- Chinantec ( Oaxaca, Mexico)
- Ch'ol (Mayan language of Chiapas Mexico)
- Ch'orti' people (Mayan people of El Salvador)
- Chontal Maya (Mayan language of Tabasco, Mexico)
- Chuj (Mayan people of Guatemala)
- Cochimí ( Baja California, Mexico)
- Cora People ( Jalisco and Nayarit Mexico)
- Cuicatec( Oaxaca, Mexico)
- Huastec people ( San Luis Potosí, Mexico)
- Huave ( Oaxaca, Mexico)
- Huichol language ( Jalisco and Nayarit Mexico)
- Itza (Mayan people of Guatemala)
- Ixcatec ( Oaxaca, Mexico)
- Ixil (Mayan people of Guatemala)
- Jakaltek people (Mayan people of Guatemala - also called Poptí)
- Tolupan (Honduras)
- Kaqchikel (Mayan people of Guatemala)
- K'iche' (Mayan people of Guatemala)
- Kiliwa ( Baja California, Mexico)
- Kumeyaay ( Baja California, Mexico)
- Kuna (people) (Panama)
- Lacandón ( Chiapas, Mexico)
- Lenca (Honduras and El Salvador)
- Mam people (Mayan people of Guatemala)
- Matlatzinca ( Mexico (state), Mexico)
- Mayo people ( Sonora, Mexico)
- Mazahua ( Mexico (state), Mexico)
- Mazatec ( Puebla and Oaxaca, Mexico)
- Mexicanero ( Durango, Mexico)
- Miskito (Honduras and Nicaragua)
- Mixe ( Oaxaca, Mexico)
- Mixtec ( Oaxaca, Mexico)
- Mopan Maya (Mayan people of Guatemala and Belize)
- Nahua (Mexico)
- Pame ( San Luis Potosí, Mexico)
- Pech (Honduras)
- Pima Bajo ( Chihuahua, Mexico)
- Popoloca ( Oaxaca, and Puebla, Mexico)
- Poqomchi' (Mayan people of Guatemala)
- Poqomam (Mayan people of Guatemala)
- P'urhépecha ( Michoacan, Mexico)
- Q'anjob'al (Mayan people of Guatemala)
- Q'eqchi' (Mayan people of Guatemala)
- Rama (people) Nicaragua
- Seri ( Sonora, Mexico)
- Sumo (people) (Nicaragua)
- Tarahumara ( Chihuahua, Mexico)
- Tlapanec people (Me'phaa) ( Guerrero, Mexico)
- Tojolabal (Mayan people of Guatemala)
- Totonac ( Veracruz and Puebla, Mexico)
- Trique ( Oaxaca, Mexico)
- Tzeltal ( Chiapas, Mexico)
- Tzotzil ( Chiapas, Mexico)
- Tz'utujil (Mayan people of Guatemala)
- Xinca people (Guatemala)
- Yaqui ( Sonora, Mexico)
- Yucatec Maya ( Yucatán, Quintana Roo and Campeche Mexico)
- Zapotec people ( Oaxaca, Mexico)
- Zoque ( Oaxaca and Chiapas Mexico)
North America
North America generally includes Greenland, Canada, the United States, Mexico, and the eastern Aleutian Islands.
- Haida: the Pacific north-west coast
- Nuu-chah-nulth: the Pacific north-west coast
- Innu: Labrador/ Quebec, Canada)
- Inuit: Russia/ Alaska/Canada/Greenland
- Native Americans in the United States: United States of America, Mexico
- Aboriginal peoples of Canada
- Secwepemc: British Columbia, Canada
- St'at'imc: Lillooet, British Columbia, Canada
- Tsimshian: British Columbia
South America
South America generally includes all of the (sub-)continent and islands south of the Isthmus of Panama.
- Asháninka: Peru
- Awá: eastern Amazonian rainforest, Brazil
- Ayoreo: the Chaco, Paraguay/Bolivia
- Bora: Colombia/Peru
- Bororo: Mato Grosso, Brazil
- Chayahuita: Loreto, Peru
- Cocama-Cocamilla: Loreto, Peru
- Embera: Colombia/Panamá
- Enxet: Paraguay
- Jivaroan: Loreto and San Martín, Peru
- Guaraní: Paraguay, Brazil, Bolivia and Argentina
- Korubu: Brazil
- Kuna: Panama
- Makuxi: Brazil/Guyana
- Mapuche: Chile/Argentina
- Matis: Brazil/Peru
- Matsés: Brazil/Peru
- Nukak: Colombia
- Nasa: Colombia
- Secoya: Loreto, Peru/Ecuador
- Tapirape: Brazil
- Ticuna: Brazil/Peru/Colombia
- Tukano: Colombia
- Tupi: Paraguay, Brazil, Bolivia, Peru and Argentina
- Urarina: Chambira Basin, Loreto Peru
- U'wa: Colombia
- Yora: Amazon rainforest, southeast Peru
- Wichí: the Chaco, Argentina/Bolivia
- Warao: of Venezuela's Orinoco River delta region.
- Wayuu Venezuela/Colombia
Asia
The (sub-)continent of Asia, including related islands, the Indian subcontinent, Central Asian Republics, the Middle East and Arabia.
Central Asia
Central Asia generally includes the landlocked region east of the Caspian Sea, south of the Russian Taiga, to the Himalayas, and extending eastwards to Mongolia and the western Chinese provinces and autonomous regions.
- Tibetans: Central Asia
East Asia
East Asia generally includes the People's Republic of China (except perhaps province of Qinghai and the western autonomous regions of Tibet and Xinjiang), the Korean Peninsula, and the associated Pacific islands, principally Japan and Taiwan.
- Ainu: Japan, though not yet officially recognized as such by the government; and (until the end of World War II) on Sakhalin Island, Russia
- Taiwanese aborigines: the island of Taiwan
- main ethnic groups
- Ami
- Atayal
- Bunun
- Kavalan
- Paiwan
- Puyuma
- Rukai
- Saisiyat
- Tao
- Thao
- Tsou
- Truku
North Asia
North Asia generally includes the Russian Far East and the northern and eastern parts of Siberia.
- Northern indigenous peoples of Russia: over 40 distinct peoples, each with their own language and culture in Siberia and Russia
- Sakha:
- Tuvans:
- Altayans: Titular nation of Altai Republic
- Buryats:
- Khakas:
- Tungus:
South Asia
South Asia generally includes the Indian subcontinental region, the Himalayan states and related islands of the Indian Ocean.
- Adivasi: collective term for many indigenous peoples in India (see also List of Scheduled Tribes in India)
- Kisan Tribals: indigenous peoples of the Orissa Sundergarh, India :
- Andamanese: indigenous peoples of the Andaman Islands, India which include:
- Great Andamanese: formerly at least 10 distinct groups living throughout Great Andaman, now confined to a single community on Strait Island, Andaman Is.
- Jarawa: South Andaman and Middle Andaman
- Onge: Little Andaman
- Jangil (Rutland Jarawa): now extinct, formerly of Rutland Island, Andamans
- Sentinelese: North Sentinel Island, Andaman Is.
- Nicobari: Nicobar Islands, India
- Shompen: Nicobar Islands, India
- Wanniyala-Aetto, Sri Lanka.
- Naga: north-east India
- Kalasha of Chitral: Ancient pre-Muslim ethnic minority in Chitral District, Northern Pakistan
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia generally includes the mainland region sometimes known as Indochina, and the Malay archipelago.
- Bajau: Borneo and the Sulu Archipelago (Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines)
- Akha: The Akha of Thailand, Laos, Myamar and China South East Asia
- Degar: The Montagnards of mainland South East Asia
- Igorot: Cordillera mountains in Luzon in the Philippines.
- Lumad: Mindanao in the Philippines
- Mangyan: Mindoro in the Philippines
- Negrito: Southeast Asia, includes the Semang of the Malay peninsula, the Aeta of Luzon, the Ati of Panay, the Mani of Thailand, and the Andamanese. Also called orang asli or original people in the Malay.
- Penan: Sarawak, Malaysia
- Sakai: Malay peninsula, distinct from Negritos
- Tribes of Palawan: Palawan, Philippines
.
Southwest Asia
Southwest Asia generally includes the region (formerly Persia) westwards of Pakistan, the Arabian peninsula, the Middle East or Levant or Eretz Israel, Mesopotamia, the Caucasus region and Anatolia.
- Assyrians, the Aramaic-speaking minority inhabiting northern Iraq ( Assyrian homeland), northeastern Syria, southeastern Turkey, and northwestern Iran.
Circumpolar North
The Circumpolar North generally includes the lands surrounding the Arctic Circle.
- Evenks
- Inuit: Greenland, Northern Canada ( Nunavut and Northwest Territories), Alaska, Chukotka (Russia)
- Koryaks
- Nenets
- Khanty
- Chukchi
- Sami: Northern Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Kola peninsula in Russia
- Yukaghirs
Europe
Europe generally refers to the mass of the Eurasian peninsula westwards of the Ural Mountains, the islands of the Mediterranean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean.
- Basques: Northern Spain and Southern France
- Crimean Karaites: Crimean Peninsula in Southern Ukraine
- Crimean Tatars: Crimean Peninsula in Southern Ukraine
- Krymchaks: Crimean Peninsula in Southern Ukraine
- Izhorians: Northwest of Russia
- Komi: Komi Republic in Northeast of European Russia
- Nenets: Northeastern part of European Russia
- Sami: Northern Norway, Sweden, Finland and Kola peninsula in the Northwest of Russia
- Veps: Republic of Karelia, Northwest of Russia
Oceania
Oceania includes most islands of the Pacific Ocean, New Guinea and the continent of Australia.
Australia
Australia includes the continental landmass, and associated islands.
Melanesian
Melanesian generally includes New Guinea and other (far-)western Pacific islands from the Arafura Sea out to Fiji.
- Papuans: more than 250 distinct tribes or clans, each with their own language and culture. The main island of New Guinea and surrounding islands (territory forming independent state of Papua New Guinea and the Indonesian provinces of West Irian Jaya and Papua Considered "Indigenous" these people are a subject to many debates.
- Wopkaimin: western PNG, Star Mountains.
Micronesia
Micronesia generally includes the various small island chains of the western and central Pacific.
- Chamorros: Guam, Northern Marianas
Polynesia
Polynesia generally includes New Zealand and thus islands of the central and southern Pacific Oceans
- Kanaka Maoli: Hawai'i
- Maohi: Tahiti
- Māori: Aotearoa (New Zealand)
- Moriori: Chatham Islands
- Rarotongan: Rarotonga
- Samoan: Samoa, American Samoa
- Fijian: Fiji
- Tongan: Tonga