University of St Andrews

2008/9 Schools Wikipedia Selection. Related subjects: Education

University of St Andrews
Latin: Universitas Sancti Andreae apud Scotus (University of St Andrews amongst the Scots)
Motto:	ΑΙΕΝ ΑΡΙΣΤΕΥΕΙΝ (AIEN ARISTEUEIN) ( Greek: Ever To Be The Best)
Established:	1410–1413
Type:	Public university
Endowment:	£35.2 million
Chancellor:	Sir Menzies Campbell
Rector:	Simon Pepper
Principal:	Dr Brian Lang
Staff:	1,804 (all) 817 (academic)
Students:	8,645
Undergraduates:	6,760
Postgraduates:	1,885
Location:	St Andrews, Fife, Scotland
Colours:	University of St Andrews St Mary's College Bute Medical School St Leonard's College
Affiliations:	1994 Group
Website:	http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk

The University of St Andrews is the oldest university in Scotland and third oldest in the English-speaking world, having been founded between 1410 and 1413. The University is situated in the small town of St Andrews, in Fife, on the east coast of Scotland. It is a renowned centre for teaching and research and is a member of the 1994 Group, a network of smaller research-intensive UK universities. Independent school intake is high, but the university has a widening participation policy. The library and many departments are in the town centre. The town's population of 16,000 is boosted considerably by the University's 8,000 students. St Andrews is frequently listed among the top universities in the United Kingdom. Until 1967, a large part of the University of St Andrews was located in the nearby city of Dundee, separating to become the University of Dundee.

History

The University was founded in 1410 when a charter of incorporation was bestowed upon the Augustinian priory of St Andrews Cathedral. A Papal Bull was issued in 1413 by the Avignon Pope Benedict XIII. The University grew in size quite rapidly; A pedagogy, St John's College was founded 1418-1430 by Robert of Montrose and Lawrence of Lindores, St Salvator's College was established in 1450, St Leonard's College in 1511, and St Mary's College in 1537. St Mary's College was a refoundation of St Johns College. Some of these early college buildings are in use today date from this period such as St Salvator's Chapel and St Leonards College chapel. At this time, much of the teaching was of a religious nature and was conducted by clerics associated with the cathedral.

From the 17th to 19th centuries, the university underwent many changes. The distinctive red gowns, which are still in use today, were adopted in 1672. Toward the end of the seventeenth century, the university considered and eventually rejected a move to Perth. In 1747, St Salvator's and St Leonards's merged to form the United College of St Salvator and St Leonard.

During the 19th century, student numbers were very low and the university faced the possibility of closing. In the 1870s, the student population was fewer than 150, and perhaps partly in response to this, the university founded University College in Dundee in 1897, which became a centre of medical and scientific excellence. This affiliation ended in 1967 when the college, renamed Queen's College, became a separate and independent institution of the University of Dundee. The loss of teaching facilities for clinical medicine caused the university's Bute Medical School to form a new attachment with the University of Manchester. Today, the university is growing in international reputation, attracting more students than ever before.

Reputation

St Andrews is often listed among the top ten universities in the United Kingdom.

League Table Rankings

UK

	2008
Times Good University Guide	5th
Guardian University Guide	4th
Sunday Times University Guide	6th
Daily Telegraph	5th

The independent IpsosMORI National Student Survey 2006 commissioned by HEFCE placed it third among the UK universities. It has achieved the most consistently high ratings in research assessment exercises with no subjects receiving a rating lower than 4 on a grading scale 1-5*, where 5* denotes outstanding international research. The departments of English and Psychology have received a 5* in the latest exercise, and 72% of staff across the university received a 5 or 5* rating. The Philosophical Gourmet report ranks St Andrews' graduate philosophy programme as third in the UK, and the joint programme with Stirling University is ranked second in the UK and joint 13th in the world.

Nearly eight in ten graduates obtain a First Class or an Upper Second Class Honours degree. A similar proportion enter further employment requiring a respected degree or obtaining placements for further postgraduate research. The ancient Scottish universities award Master of Arts degrees (except for science students who are awarded a Bachelor of Science degree) which are classified upon graduation, in contrast to Oxbridge where one becomes a Master of Arts after a certain number of years, and the rest of the UK, where graduates are awarded BAs.

Entry to the University is highly competitive; the latest UCAS figures show that there are generally twelve applications for every place available, and the University did not enter Clearing at the end of the last admissions round. The standard offer of a place tends to require at a minimum AAABB at Scottish Highers for Scottish applicants, AAB at GCE A Levels for English, Welsh and Northern Irish candidates, or a score of at least 36 points on the International Baccalaureate.

Tradition

Raisin Weekend

Raisin Weekend is the highlight of the social calendar at the University. Held annually over the last weekend of November, first years are entertained by their academic parents, normally consisting of a tea party thrown by the mothers and then a tour of pubs conducted by the fathers. This culminates in a foam fight on the Monday morning in St Salvator's Quad.

"Cursed" Cobblestones

Situated around the town of St Andrews are cobblestone markings denoting where martyrs were burnt at the stake. To students, the most notable of these is the cobblestone initials "PH" located outside the main gate of St Salvators Quadrangle. These cobblestones denote where Patrick Hamilton (martyr) was martyred. However, according to student tradition, stepping on the "PH" will cause a student to become cursed, with the effect that the offender will fail his or her degree. In the past, students have been known to give a vigorous shove to tourists who carelessly stand upon the stones whilst admiring St. Salvator's Chapel and other nearby architecture.

May Dip

The May Dip is a student tradition held annually at dawn on May Day. Students stay awake until dawn, at which time they collectively run into the North Sea. The May Dip is also traditionally the only way of removing the curse inflicted by stepping on the PH cobbles.

Governance and administration

As with the other Ancient universities of Scotland, governance is determined by the Universities (Scotland) Act 1858. This Act created three bodies: the General Council, University Court and Academic Senate (Senatus Academicus).

General Council

The General Council is a standing advisory body of all the graduates, academics and former academics of the University. It meets twice a year and appoints a Business Committee to transact business between these meetings. Its most important functions are to appoint two Assessors to the University Court and elect the University Chancellor.

University Court

The University Court is the body responsible for administrative and financial matters, and is in effect the governing body of the University. It is chaired by the Rector, who is elected by all the matriculated students of the University. Members are appointed by the General Council, Academic Senate and Fife Council. The President of the Students' Representative Council and Director of Representation are ex officio members of the Court. Several lay members are also co-opted and must include a fixed number of alumni of the University.

Academic Senate

The Academic Senate (in Latin Senatus Academicus) is the supreme academic body for the University. Its members include all of the Professors of the University, certain senior Readers, a number of Senior Lecturers and Lecturers and three elected student Senate Representatives - one from the Arts / Divinity faculty, one from the Science / Medicine faculty and one postgraduate student . It is responsible for authorising degree programmes and issuing all degrees to graduates. Another function of the Senate is to discipline students. The President of the Senate is the University Principal.

Faculties

The University is divided into four academic Faculties:

• Arts,
• Divinity,
• Medicine, and
• Science.

Each is governed by a Faculty Council and administered by a Dean. Students apply to become members of a particular faculty, as opposed to any particular school or department.

Number of students by faculty

Academic Year 2005/2006 :

Faculty	Undergraduate	Postgraduate
Arts	3,582	604
Divinity	48	50
Medicine	419	7
Science	1,731	367
Total	5,780	1,028

Office of the Principal

The Principal is the chief executive of the University and is assisted in that role by several key officers.

The current composition of the Office of the Principal is:

• The Principal: Dr Brian Lang
• Master of the United College and Deputy Principal: Professor Keith Brown
• Secretary and Registrar: Mark Butler (seconded to a project "away from the University")
• Vice-Principal (Governance and Planning): Professor Ronald Piper
• Vice-Principal (Research): Professor Alan Miller
• Vice-Principal (Learning and Teaching): Professor Philip Winn
• Vice-Principal (External Relations): Stephen Magee
• Proctor: Professor Christopher Smith
• Quaestor and Factor: Derek Watson
• Assistant to the Principal: Hugh Martin

Deans of the Faculties

The Deans are academics appointed by the Master of the United College to oversee the day to day runnings of each faculty. They were once elected by their constituents but this was changed to appointment in 2005

The current Deans are:

• Dean of the Faculty of Arts: Professor Lorna Milne
• Dean of the Faculty of Divinity: Dr James Davila
• Dean of the Faculty of Medicine: Professor R. Hugh MacDougall
• Dean of the Faculty of Science: Dr Alyson Tobin

Student residences

St Andrews is characterised amongst Scottish Universities as having a significant number of students in University operated accommodation. Residences include:

• Albany Park
• Andrew Melville Hall
• David Russell Apartments (a new apartment complex built on the site of the now-demolished original David Russell Hall)
• Deans Court
• Fife Park
• Gannochy House (part of St Salvator's Hall)
• John Burnet Hall
• McIntosh Hall
• New Hall
• St Regulus Hall
• St Salvator's Hall
• Stanley Smith House & Angus House

• University Hall

Former residences

In addition to the residences listed above, the University formerly also had the following residences:

• Hamilton Hall
• Hepburn Hall
• Southgait Hall
• Kinnessburn Hall
• David Russell Hall

Alumni

Education and academia

• Sir Eric Anderson, academic, Provost of Eton College
• Walter Perry, Lord Perry of Walton, first Vice-Chancellor of the Open University
• Dominic Sandbrook, historian and author
• Lawrence Stenhouse, educational researcher

Politics and public affairs

• Angie Bray, Conservative and Unionist politician
• Malcolm Bruce, Liberal Democrat Member of Parliament
• Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin, diplomat
• Christopher Chope, Conservative and Unionist politician
• Barry Gardiner, Labour Party politician
• James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose, royalist military commander
• John Graham, 1st Viscount of Dundee, Jacobite military commander, "Bonnie Dundee"
• Michael Fallon, Conservative and Unionist politician
• Michael Forsyth, Baron Forsyth of Drumlean, Conservative and Unionist politician
• Mark Lazarowicz, Labour Party politician
• John MacGregor, Baron MacGregor of Pulham Market, Conservative and Unionist politician
• Lewis Moonie, Baron Moonie, Labour Party politician
• Madsen Pirie, founder, Adam Smith Institute
• Lyon Playfair, 1st Baron Playfair, scientist and Liberal politician
• George Reid, Scottish National Party politician and second Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament
• Alex Salmond, First Minister of Scotland and leader of the Scottish National Party
• Alex Singleton, Director-General of the Globalisation Institute
• Catherine Stihler, Labour Party politician
• Desmond Swayne, Conservative and Unionist politician
• Hugo Swire, Conservative and Unionist politician
• James Wilson, signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence

Religion, church, and theology

• David Beaton, Cardinal Archbishop of St Andrews
• George Buchanan (humanist), scholar, theologian, and playwright
• Reverend Alexander Duff, DD, LLD, missionary and founder of Scottish Church College, Calcutta
• Thomas Chalmers, theologian and leader of the Free Church of Scotland
• Patrick Hamilton (martyr), Protestant Reformer
• Alexander Henderson, theologian
• Andrew Melville, scholar and theologian
• Rev John Munro of Tain, dissenter opposing reforms of James VI.
• Victor Premasagar, Old Testament Scholar and Moderator of Church of South India
• Klyne Snodgrass, American scholar and theologian
• Sheila Watson, archdeacon
• John Witherspoon, theologian, President of Princeton University, and signatory of the U.S. Declaration of Independence.
• Christopher Woods, Chaplain of Christ's College, Cambridge

Royalty

• James II of Scotland
• Prince William of Wales (known at university as William Wales)

Sciences

• James Black, Nobel prize winner in Medicine
• James Gregory, astronomer and mathematician
• Walter Haworth, Nobel prize winner in Chemistry
• Richard Kemp, chemist and manufacturer of illegal supply of LSD - arrested as a result of Operation Julie
• Alan MacDiarmid, Nobel prize winner in Chemistry
• John Napier, mathematician, inventor of logarithms
• Edward Jenner, Doctor of Medicine, first doctor to introduce & study the Smallpox vaccine

Famous Rectors

In Scotland, the position of Rector exists in the four ancient universities - which are the Universities of St Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh - as well as in the University of Dundee. The post (officially Lord Rector, but by normal use Rector alone) was made an integral part of these universities by the Universities (Scotland) Act 1889. The Rector chairs meetings of the University Court, the governing body of the university, and is elected at regular intervals by their matriculated student bodies. This role is considered by many students to be integral to their ability to shape the universities' agendas.

• Charles Neaves, Lord Neaves 1872-1874, Scottish theologian, jurist and evolution analyst
• John Marwood Cleese 1970-1973, English actor and comedian
• Rudyard Kipling 1922-1925, Nobel Prize winner, British author and poet
• Andrew Carnegie 1901-1907, Scottish-born American businessman, philanthropist
• John Stuart Mill 1865-1868, English philosopher and political economist
• Douglas Haig, 1916-1919, Senior British Commander of World War I
• James Matthew Barrie, 1919-1922, Scottish author
• Fridtjof Nansen, 1925-1928, Norwegian explorer, scientist, diplomat and Nobel Peace Prize winner

see Rector of University of St Andrews for a more detailed list

Links with the United States

The University has a strong link with the United States. Significant numbers of students matriculate from the United States. Many important American figures have been associated with the university. Benjamin Franklin, Bill Bryson, golfer Bobby Jones, and most recently, Bob Dylan and Michael Douglas, have been awarded honorary degrees.

Signatories of the Declaration of Independence

Also, three of the signatories of the 1776 American Declaration of Independence attended or received degrees from St Andrews, including:

• James Wilson, born at Carskerdo, near Cupar (signer from the state of Pennsylvania)

Wilson attended three Scottish Universities including St Andrews, but did not earn a degree from any of them. Carrying important letters of introduction, Wilson arrived in America in 1765. He became a Latin tutor at Philadelphia College (now the University of Pennsylvania), and successfully petitioned that institution to grant him an honorary Master of Arts.

• John Witherspoon, born at Gifford, East Lothian (signer from the state of New Jersey)

Witherspoon had an impressive list of credentials and was a significant public figure. He was president of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University). Witherspoon was largely responsible for converting the institution into a success by employing Scottish educational standards. He received his Master of Arts, Bachelor of Divinity, and was made a Doctor of Divinity at the University of St Andrews. His direct descendants may include the Academy Award winning actress Reese Witherspoon, who attended the private all-girl's Harpeth Hall School and Stanford University as a literature major.

• Benjamin Franklin, born Boston, Massachusetts (signer from the state of Pennsylvania)

In 1759 Franklin Received an honorary degree of Doctor of Laws from the University of St Andrews.

Exchange Programs

Emory University in Atlanta runs an exchange programme with St Andrews called the Bobby Jones Scholars programme, which allows for recent graduates of both universities to study at the other university. In addition, the School of Physics and Astronomy maintains a postgraduate exchange with The Georgia Institute of Technology. Both of these exchanges are funded by the Robert T. Jones Memorial Trust. The Robert Lincoln McNeil Scholarship is run in conjunction with the University of Pennsylvania

University scarves

Students and staff at the University are able to wear a variety of different scarves depending on whether they are an undergraduate, post-graduate or members of either the Faculties of Divinity or Medicine.

University of St Andrews

Any alumnus, student or staff member can wear a scarf of dark blue, sky blue and white:

University of St Andrews

St Mary's College

Bute Medical School

St Leonard's College (Postgraduate)

Student organisations

Students' Association

The University of St Andrews Students' Association is the organisation which represents the student body of the University of St Andrews. The Association was instituted in 1983 under the Constitution and Laws of the University of St Andrews Students’ Association. It comprises the Students' Representative Council (SRC), established in 1885 and legally defined under the Universities (Scotland) Act 1889 , and the Students' Union (which was itself a merger of the Students' Union and the Women's Union). The Students' Association is registered with the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator as charity SCO19883

The Students' Association Building (colloquially known as the Union) is located on St Mary's Place, St Andrews. External bodies operating in the building include a Blackwells bookshop and the University's Student Support Services. The Students' Association is affiliated to, and indeed a founding member of, the Coalition of Higher Education Students in Scotland (CHESS) and is not a member of the National Union of Students.

The Students' Association receives a maintenance grant from the University, which stood at £159,000 GBP for the academic year 2004-2005.

Societies

Students at the university form various voluntary societies for academic, social, political, religious and other reasons. Many of these are affiliated with the Students' Association; notable affiliated societies are the Bute Medical Society, University of St Andrews Union Debating Society and the Shinty Club. Other groups are not affiliated to the University or the Students Association, and therefore not a part of the University structure. Notable independent student groups include the Kate Kennedy Club.

University of St Andrews Athletic Union

• University of St Andrews Rugby Football Club (Founded 1858)